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2008/08/08

What is DDL, DML, DCL, TCL in SQL ?

The Data Definition Language (DDL) includes: -
CREATE TABLE - creates new database table
ALTER TABLE - alters or changes the database table
DROP TABLE - deletes the database table
CREATE INDEX - creates an index or used as a search key
DROP INDEX - deletes an index


The Data Manipulation Language (DML) includes: -
SELECT - extracts data from the database
UPDATE - updates data in the database
DELETE - deletes data from the database
INSERT INTO - inserts new data into the database

The Data Control Language (DCL) includes: -
GRANT – gives access privileges to users for database
REVOKE – withdraws access privileges to users for database

The Transaction Control Language (TCL) includes: -
COMMIT – saves the work done
ROLLBACK - restore the database to original since the last COMMIT

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